Como cada 14 de noviembre se va a celebrar un año más el día mundial de la diabetes. Con ello se pretende aumentar los conocimientos de la población sobre esta enfermedad que con los años va creciendo alarmantemente en cuanto al número de personas que la sufren.
Se eligió esta fecha por ser el día que nació Frederick Banting, que junto con el también canadiense J.J.R. Macleod, fueron galardonados con el Premio Nobel de medicina en 1923 por el descubrimiento en 1921 de la insulina, premio que quisieron compartir con sus colaboradores Charles Best y James Collip. La historia de este gran descubrimiento acontecido poco después de la Primera Guerra Mundial, está salpicado por continuos enfrentamientos entre los propios galardonados y por la teoría de que la insulina ya había sido descubierta meses antes por el rumano Nicolae Constantin Paulescu.
La diabetes mellitus engloba un grupo heterogéneo de trastornos metabólicos caracterizados por una hiperglucemia resultante de la deficiencia absoluta o relativa de insulina debido a alteraciones en su síntesis, secreción o acción en los tejidos insulinodependientes (OMS, 1999)
Lo que años atrás era una enfermedad mortal, hoy en día es una enfermedad crónica, aunque incurable. Se calcula que en España afecta a más del 14% de su población y va en aumento. También preocupa que una parte importante de los diabéticos no sabe que lo son, con lo cual están sin recibir su tratamiento.
Su principal característica es un aumento en los niveles de azúcar (glucosa) en sangre. Esta hiperglucemia mantenida en el tiempo, y que en ocasiones pasa desapercibida, no es en absoluto inocua, ya que provoca daños importantes en ojos, riñones, nervios y sistema cardiovascular principalmente.
Los síntomas que nos pueden hacer sospechar de una hiperglucemia aguda, brusca son:
Poliuria: aumento de la frecuencia y la cantidad de la orina
Polidipsia: aumento de la sed
Polifagia: sensación imperiosa de hambre
Fatiga
Aliento con olor a acetona
Cambio notable de peso
Pero si los valores no exceden mucho de los normales, quizás no apreciemos estos síntomas, lo cual no significa que con años de niveles permanentemente altos, aunque solo sea un poco, nos libremos de enfermedades vasculares o neurológicas directamente relacionadas con la hiperglucemia.
La diabetes solo puede ser diagnosticada por su médico, siendo los criterios de diagnóstico de diabetes alguno de los siguientes:
Hemoglobina glicosilada ≥ 6,5%, en dos ocasiones.
Glucemia en ayunas > 126 mg/dl, en dos ocasiones.
Glucemia ≥ 200 mg/dl a las dos horas de haber efectuado el test de tolerancia oral a la glucosa, en dos ocasiones.
Glucemia en cualquier momento del día ≥ 200 mg/dl en pacientes con los síntomas de hiperglucemia anteriormente mencionados.
La diabetes se puede clasificar en tres tipos principales: DM tipo 1, DM tipo 2, diabetes gestacional; y otros tipos de diabetes mucho menos frecuentes.
En la DM tipo 1 es una enfermedad autoinmune en la que el paciente no es capaz de producir insulina, o la produce en cantidad insuficiente, lo cual le obliga a tratarse con insulina. Aparece normalmente en la niñez o la adolescencia y los pacientes suelen ser delgados.
En la diabetes tipo 2 (90% de los diabéticos) el páncreas si es capaz de producir insulina pero existe una resistencia a dicha insulina, es decir hay insulina pero no hace su papel. Por ello las células no son capaces de utilizar debidamente la glucosa existente, por lo que el hígado producirá más glucosa. Como en este caso el páncreas si funciona, este aumento de glucosa estimula la síntesis de más insulina. En definitiva existirá hiperglucemia e hiperinsulinemia. Este tipo de diabetes suele aparecer en la edad adulta y pacientes obesos. El tratamiento con insulina puede llegar ser necesario con el tiempo pero antes existen una gran variedad de fármacos hipoglucemiantes.
La diabetes gestacional responde a valores elevados de glucemia durante el embarazo, producida, al igual que en la DM tipo 2, por una resistencia a la insulina motivada en este caso por procesos hormonales. El tratamiento es con insulina.
Para retrasar o evitar la aparición de la diabetes hay que hacer caso a las medidas de prevención.
Hay que procurar mantener un peso adecuado a nuestro cuerpo.
Como modelo de alimentación el ideal es la dieta mediterránea.
Es importante hacer al menos 30 minutos de ejercicio diario.
La lactancia materna está considerada como un factor protector de la DM.
Desde la Farmacia Cuenca C.B, como ya viene siendo habitual, aprovechamos el día mundial de la diabetes para aportar nuestro granito de arena. Durante una semana realizamos un protocolo de cribado y seguimiento de la glucemia a nuestros pacientes, este año contamos con la colaboración con varias sociedades científicas. El objetivo es identificar pacientes que desconocían que tenían un riesgo alto de padecer diabetes, darles consejo farmacéutico y ponerlos en contacto con su médico para que confirme la posible DM. Además asesorar a todos aquellos que obtengan un riesgo bajo de padecer diabetes sobre las medidas preventivas. Este año las pruebas se realizarán del 7 al 13 de noviembre.
Para estar al día sobre la DM no dudes en preguntarnos tus dudas y puedes visitar también algunas de estas páginas web:
BIBLIOGRAFÍA:
DIFAC. Diabetes en la farmacia comunitaria. SEFAC.
Cribado y seguimiento de parámetros biológicos en la farmacia comunitaria. SEFAC.
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홍대셔츠룸 – 모든 남성을 위한 프라이빗 가라오케 · 프라이빗 룸과 최신 음향 시설 · 다양한 주류와 합리적인 가격 · 청결한 시설과 세련된 분위기 · 상수역·합정역 인근 홍대셔츠룸
천안출장안마 출장마사지 핫타임 · 고급스러운 마사지 룸은 고객에게 편안함과 휴식을 제공합니다. · 고요한 스파 환경은 고객에게 깊은 휴식과 치유를 제공합니다 천안출장마사지
모든 연령대가 즐길 수 있는 수원의 품격 있는 노래 문화! 프라이빗 룸을 갖춘 고급 가라오케, 세련된 룸싸롱, 편안한 노래방까지 다양한 공간에서 최상의 서비스와 수원가라오케
강남달토 달토가라오케는 서울 강남구 역삼동 삼정호텔 지하 1층에 위치해 있습니다. 강남역과 역삼역 사이에 위치한 만큼 대중교통으로 찾아오기 쉽고, 강남 번화가 강남달토
휴대폰 소액결제 현금화로 급하게 현금이 필요할 때 도움을 받을 수 있습니다. 이 가이드에서는 소액결제 현금화의 정의와 절차부터 다양한 방법, 수수료, 장단점 및 주의사항, 안전한 서비스 선택 방법까지 알아봅니다. 소액결제 현금화